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NOTE: CentOS Enterprise Linux is built from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux source code. Other than logo and name changes CentOS Enterprise Linux is compatible with the equivalent Red Hat version. This document applies equally to both Red Hat and CentOS Enterprise Linux.

2.5. cpp, the GNU Preprocessor

cpp is a C-compatible macro preprocessor that works with the GNU compiler to direct the parsing of C preprocessor directives. Preprocessing directives are the lines in your program that start with a # directive name (a # sign followed by an identifier). For instance, cpp merges #include files, expands macro definitions, and processes #ifdef sections. Another example is #define, a directive that defines a macro (#define must be followed by a macro name and the macro's intended expansion).

To refer to the output of cpp, invoke gcc with the -E option; the preprocessed file will print on stdout

The C preprocessor provides the following separate facilities:

  • Inclusion of header files — Declarations that can be substituted into your program.

  • Macro expansion When defining macros, which are abbreviations for arbitrary fragments of C code, the C preprocessor replaces them with their definitions throughout a program.

  • Conditional compilation — Using special preprocessing directives, include or exclude parts of a program according to replaceableious conditions.

  • Line control — Using a program to combine or rearrange source files into an intermediate file that is then compiled, use line control to provide a source line's origin.

There are two convenient options to assemble files that require C-style preprocessing. Both options depend on using the compiler driver program, gcc, instead of directly calling the assembler.

  • Name the source file using the extension .S (capitalized), rather than .s (the .S indicates an assembly language program that requires C-style preprocessing).

  • Specify a source language explicitly for a situation, using the -xassembler-with-cpp option.

For more information on cpp, refer to Using cpp, the C Preprocessor.

 
 
  Published under the terms of the GNU General Public License Design by Interspire