The math module is made available to your
programs with:
import math
The math module contains the following
trigonometric functions
math.acos (x ) →
number
arc cosine of x.
math.asin (x ) →
number
arc sine of x.
math.atan (x ) →
number
arc tangent of x.
math.atan2 (y,
x ) → number
arc tangent of
y/x.
math.cos (x ) →
number
cosine of x.
math.cosh (x ) →
number
hyperbolic cosine of x.
math.exp (x ) →
number
e**x, inverse of
log(x).
math.hypot (x,
y ) → number
Euclidean distance,
sqrt(x*x +
y*y), length of the
hypotenuse of a right triangle with height of y
and length of x.
math.log (x ) →
number
natural logarithm (base e) of x, inverse
of exp(x).
math.log10 (x ) →
number
natural logarithm (base 10) of x, inverse
of 10**x.
math.pow (x,
y ) → number
x**y.
math.sin (x ) →
number
sine of x.
math.sinh (x ) →
number
hyperbolic sine of x.
math.sqrt (x ) →
number
square root of x. This version returns an
error if you ask for sqrt(-1), even though Python understands
complex and imaginary numbers. A second module,
cmath, includes a version of
sqrt(x) which correctly
creates imaginary numbers.
math.tan (x ) →
number
tangent of x.
math.tanh (x ) →
number
hyperbolic tangent of x.
Additionally, the following constants are also provided.
math.pi
the value of pi, 3.1415926535897931
math.e
the value of e, 2.7182818284590451, used for the
exp(x) and
log(x) functions.
The math module contains the following other functions for dealing
with floating point numbers.
math.ceil (x ) →
number
next larger whole number. math.ceil(5.1) == 6,
math.ceil(-5.1) == -5.0.
math.fabs (x ) →
number
absolute value of the real x.
math.floor (x ) →
number
next smaller whole number. math.floor(5.9) == 5,
math.floor(-5.9) == -6.0.
math.fmod (x,
y ) → number
floating point remainder after division of
x/y. This depends on the
platform C library and may return a different result than the Python
x % y.
math.modf (x ) → (
number, number )
creates a tuple with the fractional and integer parts of
x. Both results carry the sign of
x so that x can be
reconstructed by adding them.
math.frexp (x ) → (
number, number )
this function unwinds the usual base-2 floating point
representation. A floating point number is
m*2**e, where
m is always a fraction between 1/2 and 1, and
e is an integer power of 2. This function
returns a tuple with m and
e. The inverse is
ldexp(m,e).
math.ldexp (m,
e ) → number
m*2**e, the inverse
of frexp(x).
Published under the terms of the Open Publication License
