| > |
Redirect output |
| >> |
Append to file |
| < |
Redirect input |
| << |
"Here" document
(redirect input) |
| | |
Pipe output |
| & |
Run process in
background. |
| ; |
Separate commands on
same line |
| * |
Match any character(s)
in filename |
| ? |
Match single character
in filename |
| [ ] |
Match any characters
enclosed |
| ( ) |
Execute in
subshell |
| ` ` |
Substitute output of
enclosed command |
| " " |
Partial quote (allows
variable and command expansion) |
| ' ' |
Full quote (no
expansion) |
| \ |
Quote following
character |
| $var |
Use value for
variable |
| $$ |
Process id |
| $0 |
Command name |
| $n |
nth argument (n from 0
to 9) |
| $* |
All arguments as a
simple word |
| # |
Begin comment |
| bg |
Background
execution |
| break |
Break from loop
statements |
| cd |
Change
directories |
| continue |
Resume a program
loop |
| echo |
Display output |
| eval |
Evaluate
arguments |
| exec |
Execute a new
shell |
| fg |
Foreground
execution |
| jobs |
Show active jobs |
| kill |
Terminate running
jobs |
| newgrp |
Change to a new
group |
| shift |
Shift positional
parameters |
| stop |
Suspend a background
job |
| suspend |
Suspend a foreground
job |
| time |
Time a command |
| umask |
Set or list file
permissions |
| unset |
Erase variable or
function definitions |
| wait |
Wait for a background
job to finish |
